Understanding NTP and NTS: The Simple Guide

By Richard DEMONGEOT | January 21, 2026 | Reading time: 10 min

You use NTP every day without knowing it!

Every time you check the time on your phone, receive a timestamped email, or use two-factor authentication... NTP is working behind the scenes.

Table of Contents

What is NTP? (in 30 seconds)

NTP stands for Network Time Protocol.

Imagine a giant speaking clock on the Internet. Your phone, your computer, your router... all these devices regularly ask it: "What time is it exactly?"

This "speaking clock" is actually a network of time servers synchronized to atomic clocks — the most accurate clocks in the world, which only drift by one second every 300 million years!

In summary
NTP = a system that allows all your devices to set their time automatically via the Internet.

How I use NTP without knowing it

Good news (or bad, depending on your perspective): you don't have to do anything! NTP works automatically on virtually all your connected devices.

📱

Android

Automatically synchronized via Google servers or your carrier

🍎

iPhone / iPad

Uses Apple servers (time.apple.com) automatically

💻

Windows

"Windows Time" service enabled by default (time.windows.com)

🖥️

Mac

Synchronized via Apple servers automatically

🐧

Linux

Uses chrony, systemd-timesyncd, or ntpd depending on the distribution

📺

Smart TV

Automatic time setting via Internet or broadcast signal

📡

Internet Router

Synchronized to your ISP's servers

🚗

GPS / Car

GPS satellites also transmit atomic time

Did you know?
Even your smartwatch, smart thermostat, connected light bulbs, and voice assistant use NTP to stay on time!

How it works

The simple explanation (1 minute)

  1. Your device asks for the time
    Your phone sends a request to an NTP server: "What time is it?"
  2. The server responds
    The server responds with the exact time, synchronized to an atomic clock.
  3. Offset calculation
    Your device calculates the message's travel time and adjusts its own clock.
  4. Regular repetition
    This process repeats automatically (every few minutes to every few hours).

The 3 watches analogy

Imagine you want to know the exact time. You have 3 watches, but they don't all show quite the same time:

What do you do? Instinctively, you trust the majority. Two watches show ~2:02 PM, so that's probably the correct time.

NTP works exactly the same way! Your device queries multiple time servers, compares their responses, eliminates outliers, and calculates the best estimate of the actual time. This is called Marzullo's algorithm.

A bit more detail (for the curious)

The NTP protocol is organized into hierarchical levels called "Stratum":

Stratum 0 — Atomic clocks, GPS, radio signals
The ultimate source of time (cesium, GPS, etc.)
Stratum 1 — Servers directly connected to atomic clocks
Accuracy: a few microseconds
Stratum 2 — Servers synchronized to Stratum 1
What most businesses use
Stratum 3+ — Your devices (PCs, phones, servers...)
Synchronized to Stratum 2
Why this hierarchy?
Atomic clocks cost hundreds of thousands of euros and cannot handle millions of requests. The hierarchy allows load distribution while maintaining excellent accuracy.

What is NTS? (the secure version)

NTS stands for Network Time Security. It is an evolution of NTP that adds a cryptographic security layer.

Classic NTP

Like a postcard

  • Time is sent "in the clear"
  • No sender verification
  • Someone could modify the message

NTP with NTS

Like a sealed registered letter

  • The exchange is authenticated (TLS 1.3)
  • The server's identity is verified
  • Impossible to tamper with the message
Why does it matter?
A falsified time can have serious consequences:

Learn more about NTS and how to enable it →

NTP Pools: Strength in Numbers

What is an NTP pool?

A pool is a group of time servers that work together. Instead of relying on a single server (which could go down), your device can query multiple servers in the pool.

The most well-known is ntppool.org: over 4,000 servers worldwide, including ~370 in France.

Main pools and public servers

Provider Address Specifics
Global NTP Pool pool.ntp.org Community-run, 4000+ servers
France NTP Pool fr.pool.ntp.org ~370 French servers
Google time.google.com Leap smearing (smooth leap second handling)
Cloudflare time.cloudflare.com Supports NTS
Apple time.apple.com Used by iOS/macOS
RDEM Systems ntp-pool.rdem-systems.com 11 servers, NTS enabled, France

For whom? Why does it matter?

👤 Individuals

You don't have to do anything! Your devices are already configured. NTP ensures that your emails arrive with the correct timestamp, that your 2FA codes work, and that your photos are correctly dated.

🏢 Businesses

Consistent time is crucial for:

🏭 Industry

Industrial systems (SCADA, PLCs) require precise synchronization to coordinate manufacturing processes and ensure traceability.

🏦 Finance

Financial markets require microsecond-level timestamping. MiFID II mandates 100-microsecond accuracy for high-frequency trading.

Why does accuracy matter?

Imagine an orchestra where each musician had their own clock, slightly off. The result would be cacophony!

In the IT world, it's the same: without time synchronization, systems cannot collaborate effectively. Emails arrive "before" they were sent, backups overwrite newer files, logs become incomprehensible...

Check your synchronization

Is your device properly synchronized? Test it with one click!

Check my clock

Discover our NTP infrastructure | Enable NTS (secure) | Our Stratum 1 server